Macronutrients & Energy
Core energy providers, building blocks, and digestive dietary components.
Calories (Energy)
Food energy derived from protein, carbohydrate, and fat metabolism.
Protein
Essential macronutrient composed of amino acids required for tissue structure, muscle maintenance, and enzyme synthesis.
Carbohydrates
Primary energy substrate for cellular metabolism, including simple sugars, complex starches, and dietary fiber.
Dietary Fiber
Non-digestible plant carbohydrates that support gastrointestinal motility, metabolic regulation, and gut microbiome health.
Total Fat
Essential dietary lipids providing concentrated energy, cell membrane integrity, and fat-soluble vitamin absorption.
Saturated Fat
Fatty acids without double bonds, found primarily in animal fats and tropical oils.
Total Sugars
Naturally occurring and added simple carbohydrates (monosaccharides and disaccharides) including fructose, glucose, and sucrose.
Sodium
Essential mineral and electrolyte regulating fluid balance, osmotic pressure, and nerve transmission.
Vitamins
Essential organic compounds for cellular function, immune support, and metabolic regulation.
Vitamin C
Ascorbic AcidWater-soluble antioxidant essential for collagen biosynthesis, iron absorption, and immune cell function.
Vitamin A (RAE)
Retinol & CarotenoidsFat-soluble vitamin vital for photoreceptor function in vision, cellular differentiation, and epithelial integrity.
Vitamin D
Cholecalciferol / ErgocalciferolSteroid hormone precursor facilitating intestinal calcium absorption and bone homeostasis.
Vitamin E
Alpha-tocopherolLipid-soluble antioxidant protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids in cell membranes from lipid peroxidation.
Vitamin K
Phylloquinone & MenaquinonesEssential cofactor for carboxylation of glutamic acid residues in blood coagulation and bone matrix proteins.
Folate (DFE)
Vitamin B9B-vitamin essential for one-carbon metabolism, nucleotide biosynthesis, and red blood cell maturation.
Thiamin (Vitamin B1)
Coenzyme in carbohydrate and branched-chain amino acid catabolism.
Riboflavin (Vitamin B2)
Component of FAD and FMN coenzymes involved in electron transport chain bioenergetics.
Niacin (Vitamin B3)
Precursor to NAD and NADP coenzymes central to cellular respiration and repair.
Pantothenic Acid (B5)
Constituent of Coenzyme A needed for fatty acid oxidation and Krebs cycle entry.
Vitamin B6
Pyridoxal 5-phosphateCoenzyme in amino acid metabolism, neurotransmitter synthesis, and glycogen breakdown.
Vitamin B12
CobalaminCobalt-containing vitamin essential for myelin synthesis, neurological function, and DNA replication.
Minerals & Electrolytes
Inorganic elements critical for cardiovascular rhythm, bone integrity, and oxygen transport.
Potassium
Major intracellular electrolyte vital for fluid equilibrium, muscle contraction, and cardiac electrophysiology.
Calcium
Abundant mineral critical for bone mineral density, vascular contraction, cellular signaling, and muscle function.
Iron
Essential trace mineral forming the heme core of hemoglobin and myoglobin for systemic oxygen transport.
Magnesium
Cofactor in more than 300 biochemical reactions including ATP synthesis, protein production, and neuromodulation.
Phosphorus
Structural mineral in bone matrix, cellular phospholipid membranes, and nucleic acids (DNA/RNA).
Zinc
Trace element required for catalytic activity of hundreds of enzymes, immune signaling, and protein synthesis.